Many other introductions, such as polychaetes, amphipods are cryptic and have been considered species with natural cosmopolitan distributions Īgriculture and forests form an important resource to sustain global economical, environmental and social system. Atlantic shipworms were quite possibly the first for the applicaiton of some new predator, Mytilus gallprovincialis, and the western Atlantic populations of the European green crab have planted themselves so firmly as a neutralized part of the biota. The introduction of marine pests to new habitats is as old as nautical experience.
In addition, there have been several recent research on biological control of marine pests. Other environmental concern is the contamination of ground water They can also be harmful to humans and domestic animals. These chemical insecticides also induce harmful chemical changes on non-target insects/pests on their predators, parasites, etc. The residues ofthese synthetic insecticides cause toxic effects on wild life (e.g.,birds, beneficial insects like honeybees). Control of pests with synthetic chemicals results in several problems. In both developed and developing countries, the use of chemical pesticides has increased dramatically during the last few decades. Pesticides that include insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides are employed in modern agriculture to control pests and to increase crop yield. Prior to the advent of chemical pesticides, predators which are natural enemies of those specific pests, were an important subject in biological sciences with respect to agriculture and forest pest control. They are pests to the extend which efforts must have been made to control them both in terrestrial and aquatic/freshwater environments. Some species of organisms, those that have been introduced from elsewhere may be pest to other organisms as well. However, most of these agents were shown to be of little operational use, largely because of the difficulty in multiplying them in large quantities. Many organisms have been investigated as potential agents for vector mosquito control, including viruses, fungi, bacteria, protozoa, nematodes, invertebrate predators and fish. More number of biocontrol agents was screened for their efficacy and environmental impact including mammalian safety. There has been an increased interest in biological control agents in last decade. In the greenhouse, both Binab T and Mycostop showed good biocontrol activity at an early stage of the cultivation period but this activity decreased as the plants became older.In this section, the topic in biological control of pests considered. Mycostop was the most effective biocontrol agent when pumice was used while Binab T was the most effective agent in peat. In the climate chamber, disease control varied with respect to the biocontrol agents and the type of the pathogen present in the system.Īmendment of Binab T or Mycostop reduced the amount of the added pathogens in the cultivation system. Investigations were carried out in a climate chamber as well as in the greenhouse. The aim of the current investigations was to study the effect of two different growing media, peat and pumice, on the performance of two commercial biocontrol agents, Binab T with Trichoderma polysporum and Trichoderma harzianum as active strains and Mycostop with Streptomyces griseoviridis as active strain against root pathogens Pythium aphanidermatum (PA) and Phytophthora cryptogea (PC). The effect of biological control agents (BCA) under greenhouse and field conditions, however, is frequently inconsistent. Tomato, Trichoderma harzianum, Trichoderma polysporum, Streptomyces griseoviridis, Pythium aphanidermatum, Phytophthora cryptogea, pumice, peatīiological control is an environmentally sound alternative for the control of root diseases in closed hydroponic systems. ISHS Acta Horticulturae 891: International Symposium on Growing Media and Composting INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROWING MEDIA AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN CLOSED HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS INTERACTIONS BETWEEN GROWING MEDIA AND BIOCONTROL AGENTS IN CLOSED HYDROPONIC SYSTEMS
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